Hippocrates, often dubbed the “Father of Modern Medicine,” significantly impacted the field through his extensive work, with more than 70 books to his credit. His rigorous, scientific approach to the study of diseases set a new standard in medical practice. Around 2400 years ago, Hippocrates meticulously observed and described various illnesses, alongside their respective treatments, laying the groundwork for many contemporary medical procedures and theories. His contributions remain a cornerstone in medicine, embodying the transformation from prehistoric medicine to a more systematic and logical study of health and disease.
Born on the island of Kos, Hippocrates lived a long and accomplished life, passing away on the outskirts of Larissa at the age of 104. Much of his teaching and writing were done under the cool shade of a voluminous plane tree, the supposed descendant of which is believed to be 500 years old and considered the oldest tree in Europe. Known as the “platanus orientalis Hippocraticus,” this tree boasts a remarkable 15-meter diameter. Hippocrates’ wisdom extended beyond the realm of medicine, as evidenced by his decisive role in saving Athens from a devastating plague epidemic. In recognition of this feat, he was highly honored by the Athenians, further cementing his legacy as a pivotal figure in ancient Greece.
Hippocrates held in high regard the teachings of Democritus, a preeminent figure known as the “Father of the Atomic Theory.” As a physician, Hippocrates was summoned to look after the health of Democritus, a task he accepted without any expectation of financial remuneration, signifying the depth of respect and camaraderie he felt towards his teacher.
Hippocrates is also celebrated for his insightful medical aphorisms, some of which continue to guide current medical practice. Among them, “As to diseases, make a habit of two things -to help or at least to do no harm” emphasizes the core principle of medical ethics. He also noted, “Those by nature overweight, die earlier than the slim,” an early recognition of the health risks associated with obesity. His observation that “In the wounds, there are miasmata causing disease if entered the body” displays an understanding of the role of environmental factors in disease development.
Perhaps most strikingly, Hippocrates discovered the pain-relieving properties of an extract he referred to as “salycasia.” This substance, derived from a particular tree, bears a remarkable similarity to modern-day aspirin, underscoring Hippocrates’ pioneering role in the discovery and application of effective pain management techniques.
Hippocrates’ revolutionary perspective on epilepsy signified a significant advancement in understanding of the disease. Contrary to the prevailing belief of epilepsy being a sacred malady, he boldly declared it to be a hereditary brain disorder. He advised, “Do not cut the temporal place, because spasms shall occur on the opposite area,” demonstrating an early understanding of the brain’s complex neural mapping. His dietary recommendations mirrored his minimalist approach, suggesting that people during his time generally had one or two meals a day – lunch and dinner. He believed in moderation in all aspects of life, advocating for “little exercise…and walk…do not eat to saturation”, emphasizing the value of balance in maintaining health. Perhaps the most profound of his teachings was his declaration: “Physician must convert or insert wisdom to medicine and medicine to wisdom”. This dictum is equally relevant today, and if adhered to by all scientists, it could indeed foster greater happiness on earth.
